[1]關於奧納西斯，參見Harlafis, Creating Global Shipping, 193。
[2]鋼鐵產量數據出自國際鋼鐵協會。引文出自Center for Naval Analysis,“A Brief History of Shipbuilding in Recent Times,”CRM D0006988.A1/Final (September 2002); OECD, Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalization (Paris: OECD, 2005), 244–251; OECD Working Party on Shipbuilding,“Imbalances in the Shipbuilding Industry and Assessment of Policy Responses,”C/WP6(2016)6/final (April 2017)。1956年至1970年間，美國對造船業的補貼超過10億美元。US House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means, Trade with Japan, Serial 96–121 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1980), 123, citing Ira C. Magaziner and Tomas M. Hout, Japanese Industrial Policy (London: Policy Studies Institute, 1980).
[3]Alice H. Amsden, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 269–290.
[4]1984年，韓國船廠無法按時向航運公司交付6艘預訂的集裝箱船。Lars Bruno and Stig Tenold,“The Basis for South Korea’s Ascent in the Shipbuilding Industry, 1970–1990,”Mariner’s Mirror 97 (2011): 201–217.
[5]OECD Council Working Party on Shipbuilding,“Peer Review of Japanese Government Support Measures to the Shipbuilding Sector,”C/WP6(2012)26 (2012), 7.
[6]“Fünfe Kolonne,”Der Spiegel, April 16, 1973.
[7]Erik Lindner, Die Herren der Container (Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe Verlag, 2008), 87–97, quote 91.
[8]European Commission,“Community Guidelines on State Aid to Maritime Transport,”97/C 205 ( July 5, 1997), 11; European Commission,“Community Guidelines on State Aid to Maritime Transport,”2004/C 13 ( January 17, 2004), 6.
[9]Ole Andersen,“The Rise and Fall of German Shipping,”Shippingwatch, May 2014.
[10]Ulrike Dauer,“Commerzbank Moves to Repay More State Aid,”Wall Street Journal, March 13, 2013; Arno Schuetze and Jan Schwartz,“State Owners Sell Germany’s HSH Nordbank to Buyout Groups,”Reuters, February 28, 2018, https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-hsh-nordbank-sale/state-owners-sell-germanys-hsh-nordbank-to-buyout-groups-idUKKCN1GC1YJ; UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport 2018 (New York: UN, 2018), 29.
[11]Myrto Kalouptsidi,“Detection and Impact of Industrial Subsidies: The Case of Chinese Shipbuilding,”Review of Economic Studies 85 (2018): 1111–1158. 2009年的一項特別補貼計劃有著幾乎相同的效果，它鼓勵國有船運公司購買汙染更少的新船替換老舊船隻。馬士基在2007年4月做了運費比較，參見“Container Market Crash on the Horizon?”Fairplay, September 22, 2005;“New Decade of Bursting Yards Predicted,”Fairplay, October 13, 2005。
[12]Margot Roosevelt,“Battles Erupt over Warehouse Jobs as the Legislature Moves to Curb Subsidies,”Los Angeles Times, May 13, 2019; Office of Inspector General, United States Postal Service,“Terminal Dues in the Age of Ecommerce,”RRC-WP-16-OU3 (December 14, 2015).