作為古代希伯來的文獻總匯,《舊約》廣泛地反映了巴勒斯坦從原始公社末期至奴隸製形成時期的社會生活。現行《舊約》共39卷,分為“律法書”“曆史書”“先知書”和“詩文集”4個部分。

作為古代希伯來人的文學總集,《舊約》中的文學表現堪稱豐富多彩。一般來說,人們大致將《舊約》中的文學作品分為神話、故事、詩歌、戲劇、先知預言等幾個部類。

(一)神話

神話是希伯來人最早的精神產品,主要保存在《舊約·創世記》的前11章中。與其他民族的神話相比較,古希伯來文學中保存下來的神話較少,主要原因乃是猶太教的一神體係禁止多神崇拜。

古希伯來神話以創世神話和洪水神話最為有名。關於人類起源,在《舊約》中是這樣記載的:世界初始乃是一片混沌,上帝耶和華以命名的方式創造了光明與黑暗、海洋與陸地、日月與星辰、動物與植物。在第6天,上帝又按照自己的樣子用地上的泥土造了一個男人,取名亞當,此後又在亞當熟睡時,從他身上取下一根肋骨,造了一個女人做他的妻子,名叫夏娃。後來在蛇的引誘下,亞當、夏娃違背上帝的旨意,偷吃了智慧樹上的禁果,被耶和華逐出了伊甸園。

《舊約》中的創世神話,反映了上古人類對天地萬物、人類起源的樸素想象與理解。失樂園神話則表現了人類敢於違抗神意、渴求智慧的反叛精神。相較之下,失樂園神話對世界文化產生的影響更為深刻和久遠。猶太教和基督教認為人類受到上帝的懲罰和詛咒,乃是源於“原罪”的觀念就起源於此。“伊甸園”“禁果”“智慧樹”等表述亦不脛而走,成為不斷為後人引用的典故。

《舊約》中的另一則著名神話當屬洪水神話。耶和華神創世以後,發現人類的罪惡越來越大,決定用洪水滅之。在此之前,他叫義人挪亞躲避洪水。挪亞秉承神意,造成了一隻巨大的方舟,帶著一對對飛禽走獸躲入舟中。洪水來後,其他一切生靈全都死了,40多天之後,挪亞先後兩次放出鴿子;第二次放出的鴿子飛回時,銜著一支嶄新的橄欖枝,表明洪水已經退去。洪水退後,挪亞把方舟中的活物放出,從此人類和動物才得以生存和延續下來。

這則洪水神話是在巴比倫大洪水基礎上創造出來的,包含了部分曆史真實。它一方麵反映了上古人類對洪水災害的畏懼心理,另一方麵也反映了人類戰勝洪水的強烈願望。洪水神話是在東方各大神話體係中都有的一個文學母題,而其中當數希伯來人的這個洪水神話影響最大。後世人所熟知的“方舟”“橄欖樹”“鴿子”的象征意義均來自這個神話。

(二)故事

《舊約》中有很多故事,包括曆史故事、英雄故事、生活故事等。曆史故事以《出埃及記》最為有名。故事講述雅格的兒子約瑟,因隻知享受,被兄弟們嫉恨,被賣給過路的埃及商人。約瑟到埃及後,時來運轉,做了宰相。約瑟死後,他的子孫在埃及繁衍發展起來。埃及法老唯恐以色列人強大對他不利,就用嚴刑峻法殘酷對待他們。以色列人不堪忍受屈辱的生活,決心逃出埃及。他們在摩西的率領下,在沙漠中經過40年的艱苦長征,終於回到了迦南。《出埃及記》情節曲折,生動感人,極富傳奇性和浪漫主義色彩。

英雄故事中的傑作為《大衛的故事》和《力士參孫》。大衛是耶西的小兒子,一日在野外牧羊時,聽說掃羅的軍隊與腓利士人作戰接連失利,遂主動請戰,機智地用彈弓發石子擊中了腓利士首領歌利亞的頭部,並乘機殺之。大衛的勝利,使以色列人大為振奮,人們作歌讚頌“掃羅勝千千,大衛勝萬萬”。後來,大衛繼承掃羅任以色列國王,幹出了一番事業。

參孫是上帝施恩給瑪挪亞的妻子所生的男孩,自幼就有超人的力量,曾徒手撕裂過凶獅。他長大後做了以色列的士師(軍事領袖),戰無不勝,令敵人聞風喪膽。後來,由於情人大利拉的出賣,腓利士人知道了參孫的頭發是力量的源泉,於是在他熟睡時剃去了他頭上的七條發綹,挖掉他的雙眼,將其投進地牢。不久,參孫的頭發又長了出來。一天,腓利士人舉行宗教大祭,把參孫困在一個大廳中百般侮辱和奚落。麵對強敵,參孫心中燃起滿腔怒火,他機智地手抱雙柱,發力將其折斷以致大廳傾覆,與數千敵人同歸於盡。這個故事通過生動感人的情節,歌頌了參孫勇敢的犧牲精神和不可戰勝的力量。

生活故事中比較突出的有《路得記》和所羅門斷案的故事。《路得記》是一篇完備的短篇小說。作品寫年輕女子路得在丈夫死後,仍與婆母相依為命不離不棄,後波阿斯主動幫助她,並娶她為妻。故事弘揚了相濡以沫、和睦友愛的善良品德,肯定了寡婦再嫁和異族通婚。歌德稱讚它是一篇最可愛的牧歌。

在《列王記》中,所羅門被描繪為一個具有無限智慧、公正賢明的君主。他在處理兩婦人爭奪一個孩子的疑案中,用出人意料的方式辨察具有慈母情懷者,從而巧妙、公正地將孩子判還給真正的母親,博得了眾人的稱讚。

(三)詩歌

詩歌在《舊約》中具有重要地位。有人統計《舊約》中詩歌的篇幅約占總篇幅的四分之一,中文譯文當在30萬字之上。其中,《詩篇》是最大的一部詩集,《箴言》是最著名的格言詩集,《傳道書》是充滿複雜的哲理詩集,《雅歌》是歌詠愛情的最美的詩集,《哀歌》乃是抒發希伯來人亡國之痛的最沉痛的詩集。《舊約》中的詩歌在思想上和藝術上都取得了較高的成就,而以《雅歌》和《哀歌》詩藝最為圓熟。

《雅歌》是一部愛情詩集,全詩共8集。最初是民間情歌的匯集,後來可能經過了文人的加工。《雅歌》又名《歌中之歌》,意謂“所有詩歌中最美的詩歌”,表現了古希伯來人的愛情理想與希望,具有濃鬱的生活氣息而少有宗教意味,堪稱古希伯來文學中不可多得的藝術瑰寶。

《雅歌》中的很多詩寫出了古希伯來人對愛情細膩而又深刻的體驗。

(新娘)

 我是沙侖野地的玫瑰花

是山穀裏的百合花

(新郎)

 我的愛人在女子中

正像是荊棘中的百合花

這首詩比喻奇特、意象清新。女子想象自己是山穀百合,遺世獨立、渴望愛情;而男子則滿懷希望追求,又怕被拒絕,故而稱其為“荊棘裏的百合花”,奇妙的比喻、溫柔的情懷使人遐想聯翩。

《雅歌》中不少詩作喜歡使用比喻、排比等藝術手法。

我親愛的人,

你的雙唇上有蜜的甘甜,

你的柔舌是奶之蜜,為我奉獻。

我的心上人,我的新娘,是神秘的花園,

一座高牆緊鎖的花園,一處隱秘的泉。

……

你像椰棗樹一般婆娑多姿,

你的**像樹上豐滿的果實,

我要攀上這椰棗樹,

來采摘她的嫩果。

你的**就像樹枝伸出,讓我抓握,

你的氣息芬芳,賽過蘋果,

你的嘴像最好的美酒醉我。

詩中豔而不俗的隱喻,既含蓄又大膽,細致地寫出了男女間性的吸引;而排比句式的運用,則在一唱三歎的旋律中透出了情的真摯。用如此生動、感性、新奇的比喻來描寫和抒發男女歡愛之情,這在世界上古文學史上堪稱罕見。

《哀歌》是一部抒情詩集,由5章組成,相傳為古希伯來先知耶利米所作,故又稱《耶利米哀歌》。《哀歌》寫盡了人間世事滄桑,故國興亡之痛,凝聚了強烈的愛國主義感情。

我眼中流淚,以致失明,

我的心腸擾亂,肝膽塗地。

這樣的詩句,情真意切,哀怨動人,再現了耶路撒冷遭受浩劫,詩人內心的沉痛。但詩人在極度痛苦之中仍對未來抱有希望,他祈求耶和華:“複興我們的日子,像古時一樣。”後來每當希伯來人集會悼念亡國之時,人們都要頌讀哀歌,哀歎亡國之恨,抒發複國之情。《哀歌》曆來都被視為“希伯來民族的絕唱”。

(四)戲劇

《約伯記》是《舊約》中的一部著名哲理詩劇,大約作於公元前5世紀中葉。故事說有一個叫約伯的義人,敬畏上帝,品德高尚,家中兒孫滿堂,牛羊成群。撒旦對上帝叫板:“你且伸手毀他一切所有的,他必當麵毀棄你。”於是,上帝同意撒旦去考驗約伯。約伯家因此災難連連:財產喪失了,子女家人先後死去……但約伯始終信仰上帝。最後撒旦讓約伯本人渾身長滿毒瘡,疼痛難忍,約伯開始懷疑上帝,但旋即他就意識到自己的錯誤,並向上帝懺悔。在苦難中,秉守了自己信仰的約伯最終再次蒙受上帝的恩典,有了比原來更多的子女與財富。

在古希伯來文學中,“人與上帝的關係”是經常被檢視和表現的重要主題。《約伯記》作為體現這一主題的名篇,對後世西方文學影響十分深遠。歌德、陀思妥耶夫斯基、卡夫卡等經典作家均在自己的創作中再現了這一主題。

(五)先知文學

《舊約》中的先知文學,是最能體現希伯來文學民族特色的文體之一。根據猶太教規,“先知”是最先領悟上帝旨意的人,亦即上帝在人世間的代言人。實際上,先知們是一批生活於“巴比倫之囚”前後三四百年的希伯來愛國誌士。在內憂外患的年代,他們目睹社會矛盾與社會罪惡,深感民族災難深重,就激憤地吟詩撰文,抨擊當權者,告誡人民棄惡從善,同心同德,共渡難關。先知文學以演說、政論等形式,深刻地反映了時代風貌和社會矛盾。代表作品有《阿摩司書》《以賽亞書》《彌迦書》《耶利米書》《哈巴界書》等。先知文學語言生動,尖銳潑辣,充滿**,具有較強的藝術感染力。

總之,《舊約》作為古希伯來的文學總集,題材廣泛,內容豐富,體裁樣式多樣,體現了古希伯來人卓越的文學創造才能。作為歐洲文學與文化的兩大來源之一,《舊約》中的文學篇章對西方文學與西方文化的發展產生了巨大影響。

思考題:

1.《舊約》得以產生的社會—文化背景是什麽?

2.《舊約》中著名的創世神話有哪些?

3.《舊約》中的故事分為哪幾種類型?各自的代表作是什麽?

4.《舊約》中有哪些著名的詩集?

5.比較《詩經》與《雅歌》中愛情詩的異同。

原典選讀

《聖經·舊約》(節選)

(古希伯來)

神話·故事

《創世記》

2:15 耶和華神將那人安置在伊甸園,使他修理看守。

And the LORD God took the man,and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.

2:16 耶和華神吩咐他說,園中各樣樹上的果子,你可以隨意吃。

And the LORD God commanded the man,saying,Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat.

2:17 隻是分別善惡樹上的果子,你不可吃,因為你吃的日子必定死。

But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,thou shalt not eat of it:for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.

2:18 耶和華神說,那人獨居不好,我要為他造一個配偶幫助他。

And the LORD God said,It is not good that the man should be alone;I will make him an help meet for him.

2:19 耶和華神用土所造成的野地各樣走獸和空中各樣飛鳥都帶到那人麵前,看他叫什麽。那人怎樣叫各樣的活物,那就賜它的名字。

And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field,and every fowl of the air;and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them:and whatsoever Adam called every living creature,that was the name thereof.

2:20 那人便給一切牲畜和空中飛鳥,野地走獸都起了名。隻是那人沒有遇見配偶幫助他。

And Adam gave names to all cattle,and to the fowl of the air,and to every beast of the field;but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.

2:21 耶和華神使他沉睡,他就睡了。於是取下他的一條肋骨,又把肉合起來。

And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam,and he slept:and he took one of his ribs,and closed up the flesh instead thereof.

2:22 耶和華神就用那人身上所取的肋骨,造成一個女人,領她到那人跟前。

And the rib,which the LORD God had taken from man,made he a woman,and brought her unto the man.

2:23 那人說,這是我骨中的骨,肉中的肉,可以稱她為女人,因為她是從男人身上取出來的。

And Adam said,This is now bone of my bones,and flesh of my flesh:she shall be called Woman,because she was taken out of Man.

2:24 因此,人要離開父母與妻子連合,二人成為一體。

Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother,and shall cleave unto his wife:and they shall be one flesh.

2:25 當時夫妻二人赤身露體,並不羞恥。

And they were both naked,the man and his wife,and were not ashamed.

3:1 耶和華神所造的,惟有蛇比田野一切的活物更狡猾。蛇對女人說,神豈是真說,不許你們吃園中所有樹上的果子嗎?

Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made.And he said unto the woman,Yea,hath God said,Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?

3:2 女人對蛇說,園中樹上的果子,我們可以吃,

And the woman said unto the serpent,We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden:

3:3 惟有園當中那棵樹上的果子,神曾說,你們不可吃,也不可摸,免得你們死。

But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden,God hath said,Ye shall not eat of it,neither shall ye touch it,lest ye die.

3:4 蛇對女人說,你們不一定死,

And the serpent said unto the woman,Ye shall not surely die:

3:5 因為神知道,你們吃的日子眼睛就明亮了,你們便如神能知道善惡。

For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof,then your eyes shall be opened,and ye shall be as gods,knowing good and evil.

3:6 於是女人見那棵樹的果子好作食物,也悅人的眼目,且是可喜愛的,能使人有智慧,就摘下果子來吃了。又給她丈夫,她丈夫也吃了。

And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food,and that it was pleasant to the eyes,and a tree to be desired to make one wise,she took of the fruit thereof,and did eat,and gave also unto her husband with her;and he did eat.

3:7 他們二人的眼睛就明亮了,才知道自己是赤身露體,便拿無花果樹的葉子,為自己編作裙子。

And the eyes of them both were opened,and they knew that they were naked;and they sewed fig leaves together,and made themselves aprons.

3:8 天起了涼風,耶和華神在園中行走。那人和他妻子聽見神的聲音,就藏在園裏的樹木中,躲避耶和華神的麵。

And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day:and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.

3:9 耶和華神呼喚那人,對他說,你在哪裏?

And the LORD God called unto Adam,and said unto him,Where art thou?

3:10 他說,我在園中聽見你的聲音,我就害怕。因為我赤身露體,我便藏了。

And he said,I heard thy voice in the garden,and I was afraid,because I was naked;and I hid myself.

3:11 耶和華說,誰告訴你赤身露體呢,莫非你吃了我吩咐你不可吃的那樹上的果子嗎?

And he said,Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree,whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?

3:12 那人說,你所賜給我,與我同居的女人,她把那樹上的果子給我,我就吃了。

And the man said,The woman whom thou gavest to be with me,she gave me of the tree,and I did eat.

3:13 耶和華神對女人說,你作的是什麽事呢。女人說,那蛇引誘我,我就吃了。

And the LORD God said unto the woman,What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said,The serpent beguiled me,and I did eat.

3:14 耶和華神對蛇說,你既做了這事,就必受咒詛,比一切的牲畜野獸更甚。你必用肚子行走,終身吃土。

And the LORD God said unto the serpent,Because thou hast done this,thou art cursed above all cattle,and above every beast of the field;upon thy belly shalt thou go,and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:

3:15 我又要叫你和女人彼此為仇。你的後裔和女人的後裔也彼此為仇。女人的後裔要傷你的頭,你要傷他的腳跟。

And I will put enmity between thee and the woman,and between thy seed and her seed;it shall bruise thy head,and thou shalt bruise his heel.

3:16 又對女人說,我必多多加增你懷胎的苦楚,你生產兒女必多受苦楚。你必戀慕你丈夫,你丈夫必管轄你。

Unto the woman he said,I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception;in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children;and thy desire shall be to thy husband,and he shall rule over thee.

3:17 又對亞當說,你既聽從妻子的話,吃了我所吩咐你不可吃的那樹上的果子,地必為你的緣故受咒詛。你必終身勞苦,才能從地裏得吃的。

And unto Adam he said,Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife,and hast eaten of the tree,of which I commanded thee,saying,Thou shalt not eat of it:cursed is the ground for thy sake;in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life;

3:18 地必給你長出荊棘和蒺藜來,你也要吃田間的菜蔬。

Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee;and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;

3:19 你必汗流滿麵才得糊口,直到你歸了土,因為你是從土而出的。你本是塵土,仍要歸於塵土。

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,till thou return unto the ground;for out of it wast thou taken:for dust thou art,and unto dust shalt thou return.

3:20 亞當給他妻子起名叫夏娃,因為她是眾生之母。

And Adam called his wife's name Eve;because she was the mother of all living.

3:21 耶和華神為亞當和他妻子用皮子做衣服給他們穿。

Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins,and clothed them.

3:22 耶和華神說,那人已經與我們相似,能知道善惡。現在恐怕他伸手又摘生命樹的果子吃,就永遠活著。

And the LORD God said,Behold,the man is become as one of us,to know good and evil:and now,lest he put forth his hand,and take also of the tree of life,and eat,and live for ever:

3:23 耶和華神便打發他出伊甸園去,耕種他所自出之土。

Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden,to till the ground from whence he was taken.

3:24 於是把他趕出去了。又在伊甸園的東邊安設基路伯和四麵轉動發火焰的劍,要把守生命樹的道路。

So he drove out the man;and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims,and a flaming sword which turned every way,to keep the way of the tree of life.

詩歌·箴言

《傳道書》第一章

1:2 傳道者說,虛空的虛空,虛空的虛空。凡事都是虛空。

Vanity of vanities,saith the Preacher,vanity of vanities;all is vanity.

1:3 人一切的勞碌,就是他在日光之下的勞碌,有什麽益處呢?

What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun?

1:4 一代過去,一代又來。地卻永遠長存。

One generation passeth away,and another generation cometh:but the earth abideth for ever.

1:5 日頭出來,日頭落下,急歸所出之地。

The sun also ariseth,and the sun goeth down,and hasteth to his place where he arose.

1:6 風往南刮,又向北轉,不住地旋轉,而且返回轉行原道。

The wind goeth toward the south,and turneth about unto the north;it whirleth about continually,and the wind returneth again according to his circuits.

1:7 江河都往海裏流,海卻不滿。江河從何處流,仍歸何處。

All the rivers run into the sea;yet the sea is not full;unto the place from whence the rivers come,thither they return again.

1:8 萬事令人厭煩。(或作萬物滿有困乏)人不能說盡。眼看,看不飽,耳聽,聽不足。

All things are full of labour;man cannot utter it:the eye is not satisfied with seeing,nor the ear filled with hearing.

1:9 已有的事,後必再有。已行的事,後必再行。日光之下並無新事。

The thing that hath been,it is that which shall be;and that which is done is that which shall be done:and there is no new thing under the sun.

1:10 豈有一件事人能指著說,這是新的。那知,在我們以前的世代,早已有了。

Is there any thing whereof it may be said,See,this is new? it hath been already of old time,which was before us.

1:11 已過的世代,無人記念,將來的世代,後來的人也不記念。

There is no remembrance of former things;neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after.

《傳道書》第三章

3:1 凡事都有定期,天下萬務都有定時。

To every thing there is a season,and a time to every purpose under the heaven:

3:2 生有時,死有時。栽種有時,拔出所栽種的,也有時。

A time to be born,and a time to die;a time to plant,and a time to pluck up that which is planted;

3:3 殺戮有時,醫治有時。拆毀有時,建造有時。

A time to kill,and a time to heal;a time to break down,and a time to build up;

3:4 哭有時,笑有時。哀慟有時,跳舞有時。

A time to weep,and a time to laugh;a time to mourn,and a time to dance;

3:5 拋擲石頭有時,堆聚石頭有時。懷抱有時,不懷抱有時。

A time to cast away stones,and a time to gather stones together;a time to embrace,and a time to refrain from embracing;

3:6 尋梢有時,失落有時。保守有時,舍棄有時。

A time to get,and a time to lose;a time to keep,and a time to cast away;

3:7 撕裂有時,縫補有時。靜默有時,言語有時。

A time to rend,and a time to sew;a time to keep silence,and a time to speak;

3:8 喜愛有時,恨惡有時。爭戰有時,和好有時。

A time to love,and a time to hate;a time of war,and a time of peace.

3:9 這樣看來,做事的人在他的勞碌上有什麽益處呢?

What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth?

3:10 我見神叫世人勞苦,使他們在其中受經練。

I have seen the travail,which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it.

3:11 神造萬物,各按其時成為美好。又將永生安置在世人心裏。然而神從始至終的作為,人不能參透。

He hath made every thing beautiful in his time:also he hath set the world in their heart,so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end.

3:12 我知道世人,莫強如終身喜樂行善。

I know that there is no good in them,but for a man to rejoice,and to do good in his life.

3:13 並且人人吃喝,在他一切勞碌中享福。這也是神的恩賜。

And also that every man should eat and drink,and enjoy the good of all his labour,it is the gift of God.

3:14 我知道神一切所做的,都必永存,無所增添,無所減少。神這樣行,是要人在他麵前存敬畏的心。

I know that,whatsoever God doeth,it shall be forever:nothing can be put to it,nor any thing taken from it:and God doeth it,that men should fear before him.

3:15 現今的事早先就有了。將來的事早已也有了。並且神使已過的事重新再來。

That which hath been is now;and that which is to be hath already been;and God requireth that which is past.

3:16 我又見日光之下,在審判之處有奸惡。在公義之處也有奸惡。

And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment,that wickedness was there;and the place of righteousness,that iniquity was there.

3:17 我心裏說,神必審判義人和惡人。因為在那裏,各樣事務,一切工作,都有定時。

I said in mine heart,God shall judge the righteous and the wicked:for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work.

3:18 我心裏說,這乃為世人的緣故,是神要試驗他們,使他們覺得自己不過像獸一樣。

I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men,that God might manifest them,and that they might see that they themselves are beasts.

3:19 因為世人遭遇的,獸也遭遇。所遭遇的都是一樣。這個怎樣死,那個也怎樣死。氣息都是一樣。人不能強於獸。都是虛空。

For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts;even one thing befalleth them:as the one dieth,so dieth the other;yea,they have all one breath;so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast:for all is vanity.

3:20 都歸一處。都是出於塵土,也都歸於塵土。

All go unto one place;all are of the dust,and all turn to dust again.

3:21 誰知道人的靈是往上升,獸的魂是下入地呢?

Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward,and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth?

3:22 故此,我見人,莫強如他經營的事上喜樂。因為這是他的分。他身後的事,誰能使他回來得見呢?

Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better,than that a man should rejoice in his own works;for that is his portion:for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?

《雅歌》第一章

1:1 所羅門的歌,是歌中的雅歌。

The song of songs,which is Solomon's.

1:2 願他用口與我親嘴。因你的愛情比酒更美。

Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth:for thy love is better than wine.

1:3 你的膏油馨香。你的名如同倒出來的香膏,所以眾童女都愛你。

Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth,therefore do the virgins love thee.

1:4 願你吸引我,我們就快跑跟隨你。王帶我進了內室,我們必因你歡喜快樂。我們要稱讚你的愛情,勝似稱讚美酒。他們愛你是理所當然的。

Draw me,we will run after thee:the king hath brought me into his chambers:we will be glad and rejoice in thee,we will remember thy love more than wine:the upright love thee.

1:5 耶路撒冷的眾女子阿,我雖然黑,卻是秀美,如同基達的帳棚,好像所羅門的幔子。

I am black,but comely,O ye daughters of Jerusalem,as the tents of Kedar,as the curtains of Solomon.

1:6 不要因日頭把我曬黑了,就輕看我。我同母的弟兄向我發怒,他們使我看守葡萄園,我自己的葡萄園卻沒有看守。

Look not upon me,because I am black,because the sun hath looked upon me:my mother's children were angry with me;they made me the keeper of the vineyards;but mine own vineyard have I not kept.

1:7 我心所愛的阿,求你告訴我,你在何處牧羊,晌午在何處使羊歇臥。我何必在你同伴的羊群旁邊,好像蒙著臉的人呢?

Tell me,O thou whom my soul loveth,where thou feedest,where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon:for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions?

1:8 你這女子中極美麗的,你若不知道,隻管跟隨羊群的腳蹤去,把你的山羊羔牧放在牧人帳棚的旁邊。

If thou know not,O thou fairest among women,go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock,and feed thy kids beside the shepherds' tents.

1:9 我的佳偶,我將你比法老車上套的駿馬。

I have compared thee,O my love,to a company of horses in Pharaoh's chariots.

1:10 你的兩腮因發辮而秀美,你的頸項因珠串而華麗。

Thy cheeks are comely with rows of jewels,thy neck with chains of gold.

1:11 我們要為你編上金辮,鑲上銀釘。

We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver.

1:12 王正坐席的時候,我的哪噠香膏發出香味。

While the king sitteth at his table,my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.

1:13 我以我的良人為一袋沒藥,常在我懷中。

A bundle of myrrh is my well-beloved unto me;he shall lie all night betwixt my breasts.

1:14 我以我的良人為一棵鳳仙花,在隱基底葡萄園中。

My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire in the vineyards of Engedi.

1:15 我的佳偶,你甚美麗,你甚美麗,你的眼好像鴿子眼。

Behold,thou art fair,my love;behold,thou art fair;thou hast doves' eyes.

1:16 我的良人哪,你甚美麗可愛,我們以青草為床榻,

Behold,thou art fair,my beloved,yea,pleasant:also our bed is green.

1:17 以香柏樹為房屋的棟梁,以鬆樹為椽子。

The beams of our house are cedar,and our rafters of fir.

《詩篇》第十二章

12:6 耶和華的言語,是純淨的言語。如同銀子在泥爐中煉過七次。

The words of the LORD are pure words:as silver tried in a furnace of earth,purified seven times.

12:7 耶和華阿,你必保護他們。你必保佑他們永遠脫離這世代的人。

Thou shalt keep them,O LORD,thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.

12:8 下流人在世人中升高,就有惡人到處遊行。

The wicked walk on every side,when the vilest men are exalted.

《箴言》第十四章

14:12 有一條路人以為正。至終成為死亡之路。

There is a way which seemeth right unto a man,but the end thereof are the ways of death.

14:13 人在喜笑中,心也憂愁。快樂至極,就生愁苦。

Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful;and the end of that mirth is heaviness.

14:14 心中背道的,必滿得自己的結果。善人必從自己(的行為)得以知足。

The backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways:and a good man shall be satisfied from himself.

《雅歌》第八章

8:6 求你將我放在心上如印記,帶在你臂上如戳記。因為愛情如死之堅強。嫉恨如陰間之殘忍。所發的電光,是火焰的電光,是耶和華的烈焰。

Set me as a seal upon thine heart,as a seal upon thine arm:for love is strong as death;jealousy is cruel as the grave:the coals thereof are coals of fire,which hath a most vehement flame.

8:7 愛情眾水不能熄滅,大水也不能淹沒。若有人拿家中所有的財寶要換愛情,就全被藐視。

Many waters cannot quench love,neither can the floods drown it:if a man would give all the substance of his house for love,it would utterly be contemned.

(中文譯本為簡體中文和合本)